Outcome: Supporting Claims

Analyze supporting claims of texts

We’ve examined the relationship between a text’s thesis statement and its overall organization, through the idea of topic sentences in body paragraphs.  But of course body paragraphs have a lot more “stuff” in them than just topic sentences.  This section will examine in more detail what that “stuff” is made of.

First, watch this video that details the relationship between a topic sentence and supporting details, using the metaphor of a house.  The video establishes the difference between major and minor details, which will be useful to apply in coming discussions.

(The video has instrumental guitar for audio, but no spoken words, so can be watched without sound if desired.)

The following image shows the visual relationship between the overall thesis, topic sentences, and supporting ideas:

Flowchart. Top: How to differentiate topic, main idea, and supporting detail. From this are three vertical sequences. The first moves from The Topic, (is) the general subject, (made up of) word or phrases describing the subject. The second is Main Idea, (is) primary point made about the subject, (made up of) a sentence that states the topic and adds the writer's position or focus on the topic. Third is Supporting Details, (is) specific ideas that support and develop the main idea, (made up of) sentences that provide the author's reasons, facts, examples, and/or other supporting details

While this image shows where a topic sentence might reside in the paragraph, in relation to the rest of the supporting details:

Flow chart. At top: Locations of the topic sentence. From this, 5 vertical sequences. 1) Topic sentence, supporting detail, supporting detail, supporting detail, supporting detail. 2) Introductory detail, topic sentence, supporting detail, supporting detail, supporting detail, supporting detail, supporting detail. 3) Introductory detail, introductory detail, topic sentence, supporting detail, supporting detail, supporting detail. 4) Supporting detail, supporting detail, supporting detail, supporting detail, topic sentence. 5) topic sentence, supporting detail, supporting detail, supporting detail, supporting detail, topic sentence.

In #5 of the sequence above, the topic sentence is rephrased between the opening and closing of the paragraph, to reinforce the concept more strongly.

What exactly these supporting details consist of will be examined in more detail as we move into this section.

 

Learning goals

In this chapter, you will

  • learn about various forms of support that can be used in a text to support a thesis
  • consider the use of logical, authoritative and emotional appeals
  • learn about how  a writer makes a point and then supports it with illustration and explanation
  • analyze relationships between the rhetorical context of a text, and the effectiveness of the types of support used
  • Explore the different rhetorical modes or organizational patterns that writers use to structure their text